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2021考研英语：作文语法的运用技巧
一、“尽力做某事”
考生们如果能独立自主地造出一个主谓宾或主谓结构的简单句，就可以在我们写的简单句的谓语动词之前加上下面这些谓语动词。做事都可以说“努力”做，下面这些惯用语只是增加了动词表现的情态，并不改变句子发展方向，不改变句子表达的核心意思。
例如：
Tom runs.
Tom exhausts every effort in his power to run.
写作文时，可以把下面的词组用于前一个文章中，每种表达只能用一遍，遵循“好话不说第二遍”的原则，这样可以提升英语书面表达的多样性、生动性并可以举一反三，不断演绎和复制。
常用表达：
(1) try one’s best to do something
(2) do one’s utmost to do something
(3)exhaust every effort in one’s power to do something
(4)spare no effort to do something
(5)develop one’s potential to the full to do something
在真题中的运用：
2006年真题小作文------申请信
如果我有幸当选，我将尽我所能为偏远山区儿童服务。
If I am lucky enough to be chosen to become a volunteer, I will do my utmost to serve the children in the remote areas.
二、“不得不做某事”
同学们在写简单句时，可以尝试在谓语动词前加上“不得不做某事”，表示做事的情态，不改变句子的原意，只起到加强语气的作用。
例如：
I miss you
I find it impossible to resist the temptation to miss you.
我控制不了思念你的欲望。
常用表达：
(1)have to do
(2)be forced to do
(3)feel obliged to do
(4)cannot avoid doing
(5)find it impossible to resist the temptation to do
(6)cannot help doing
(7)have no choice but to do
(8)have no alternative but to do
在真题中的运用：
2009 年大作文真题——网络的“远与近”
现在的大学生控制不了电脑游戏和上网的诱惑。他们花了大量时间在电脑上的交流、娱乐和学习，而不是在现实世界中和真人做这些事情。
Nowadays, many college students find it impossible to resist the temptation to play computer games and surf online. They spend much time on communication, entertainment and study, instead of doing these with real people in the real world.
2021年考研英语：作文热点词句的翻译
一、国家安全
1. international prestige国际地位
2. promote the unification of China促进祖国的统一
3.in the long run从长远看来
4.revitalize our nation实现我们民族的伟大复兴
5.the opening-up policies 开放政策
6.lure more foreign capital吸引更多的外资
7.maintain the stability and unity of our country 维护我们国家的稳定和统一
二、社会发展
8.lag behind(发展)滞后
9.leave… far behind 把…远远地甩到后边
10.subsistence problem温饱问题
11.an empty slogan一个空洞的口号
12.economic prosperity 经济繁荣
13. social progress社会进步
14.political stability政治稳定
15.materialistic society物质社会
三、地区开发
16.a deep-rooted concept一个根深蒂固的观念
17.The large scale development of West China is of profound significance西部大开发具有深远意义
18. In addition，the west’s unique unfavorable geographic positions greatly limit its development 另外，西部极为不利的地理位置限制了其自身的发展。
19. If left unchanged，the underdevelopment in the west will greatly affect overall prosperity and even social stability.这种状况若不改变的话，西部的落后将极大地影响共同富裕的目标甚至社会稳定。
20. However，the western region development is a long-term systematic project.然而，西部开发是一个长期的系统工程。
21.It calls for tremendous efforts of several generations.它需要几代人的共同努力。
四、环境问题
22.utilize the natural resources利用自然资源
23.ecosystem生态系统
24.water loss and soil erosion水土流失
25.deforestation森林砍伐
26.Evidently，the deterioration of the quality of the environment threatens the existence of mankind很明显，环境质量恶化会危及人类的生存。
27. Therefore，the best solution is that we should devote to the protection of our home while we are developing our economy. 因此，最好的策略是，在发展经济的同时致力于保护环境。
28. Both the government and ordinary people should join hands to make this world a better place to live in，not only for ourselves，but also for future generations.政府和百姓应携起手来，一起打造更好的生存环境，不仅为了自己，更为了我们的子孙后代。
29. sustainable development可持续发展
30. According to its definition，the purpose of sustainable development is to meet the needs of the present without compromising the ability of future generations to meet their own needs.根据定义，可持续发展战略提出的目的是在不损害子孙后代的利益的前提下满足今天人们的需要。
2021年考研英语：作文高级句型的解析
一、主动句变被动句
“英文多被动，汉语多主动”，还需要警惕名词与动词之间暗含的“主被动”关系。
Eg1: It is said that …据说/相传
Eg2：I suggest that … It is suggested that …
Eg3：Effective measures should be taken before things get worse.表建议
Eg4: your prompt attention to my enquiry would be highly appreciated. 表感激
Eg5：Students should study hard.
Students are expected / well-advised to study hard.
二、简单句变从句
名词性从句，含主语从句、宾语从句、表语从句和同位语从句四种;定语从句;状语从句
A. 主语从句：
Eg1：What worries many parents is that Internet or computer games may impact kids’ study.
Eg2：It is said that an emperor of ancient China discovered Tea 5,000 years ago. (it为形式主语;that从句为真正主语)
B.宾语从句：
Eg1：Many Americans live on credit, and their quality of life is measured by how much they can borrow, not by how much they can earn.
Eg2: I am convinced that it is of great necessity for youngsters to study hard.
Eg3：明智的人不为别人的想法所影响。The sensible man is not influenced by what other people think.
C. 表语从句：
Eg1：That is why China is called the “Kingdom of Bicycles”.
Eg3：In team games, practice is what improves our sense of cooperation.
D. 同位语从句
Eg1：(Martin Luther King) I have a dream that one day this nation will rise up and live out the true meaning of its creed: "We hold these truths to be self-evident, that all men are created equal." (该句中a dream = that 从句，)
Eg2：Others hold the different idea that online shopping brings us some problems.
E. 含同位语句式
A.人 身份
Eg. I am convinced that …
As a college student, I am convinced that …
I, as a college student, am convinced that …
B. 物 性质
Eg. A strong will brings us power …
As a vital quality, a strong will brings us power…
A strong will, as a vital quality, brings us power…
插入语
Eg1：As I see, the causes of this phenomenon are diverse.
The causes of this phenomenon, as I see, are diverse.
Eg2：All of a sudden, the silence of the lake was broken by a scream.
The silence of the lake, all of a sudden, was broken by a scream.
Eg3：Even so, others hold a different view.
Others, even so, hold a different view.
Eg4：Like anything else, automobiles have more than one side. (汽车跟很多其他事物一样，具有两面性)
Automobiles, like anything else, have more than one side.
F. 定语从句：
步骤：1)先写出正确简单句，确定被修饰成分(中心名词)
2)在中心名词后加入定从，关系词who, whose, whom, where, which, when
Eg1：Taobao is a particularly popular website. ? Taobao is a particularly popular website, where/in which customers can purchase various goods.
Eg2：I will advice my foreign friend to visit Great Wall, where he or she can acquire knowledge of Chinese history.?
三、it 句式
A. 形式主语 it is +被动/形容词/名词+that从句/to do …
Eg1：It is suggested/ well-advised / supposed / proposed that sb. should (not) do …
Eg2：It is essential / necessary / advisable / convenient/ difficult/ hard/ comfortable for sb. (not) to do
Eg3：It is essential / necessary that sb. should (not) do …
Eg4：It is useless/useful doing sth.
B. 形式宾语
Eg1：An increasing number of students find it difficult to spell common words correctly.
Eg2：An increasing number of parents find it hard to have opportunities to chat with kids, who spend too much time on computers.
Eg3：A host of youngsters find it rather boring and hard to understand literature.
四、强调句
A. 强调谓语：
Eg1：I love you. /I do love you. / I did love you.
Eg2：Cell phone/ Internet/ computer brings us convenience.
Cell phone/ Internet/ computer does bring us convenience.
B. 强调句式：It is/was +被强调成分+that/who+句子其他成分。
【步骤】
a. 先写出正确的简单句、并列句或复合句，明确单句的各个成分。
b. 在被强调成分(除谓语和补语外)两边添加it is/was 和that/who， 其他成分不变，必要时调整顺序。
【强调句式特征】去掉it is/was…that/who结构，整个句子无冗余或成分残缺。
Eg1：My mother always encourages me not to lose heart when I have difficulties in study.
It is my mother who/that always encourages me not to lose heart when I have difficulties in study.
It is when I have difficulties in study that my mother always encourages me not to lose heart.
Eg2：Parents’ protection does not enable kids to build up adequate ability to face social competition.
(强调句式否定形式)It is parents’ protection that does not enable kids to build up adequate ability to face social competition.
Eg3：The Internet does not enable some youngsters to spend adequate time in chatting with others face to face.
It is the Internet that does not enable some youngsters to spend adequate time in chatting with others face to face.
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