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2021考研英语：阅读长句的翻译辨析
The Olympic games奥林匹克运动会
Fanfare喧耀
A sobering history of how the Olympic games evolved发人深省的奥运会形成的历史
Sobering：adj. 使清醒的;使冷静的;严重的 vt. 使清醒(sober的ing形式)
First of the big spenders 首先挥金如土的人
The Games: A Global History of the Olympics. By David Goldblatt. W.W. Norton; 516 pages; $29.95. Macmillan; £20.奥运会：奥运会的全球历史。David Goldblatt(大卫·戈德布拉特)。诺顿出版社;516页;29.95美元。麦克米伦;20英镑。
IN 1892, Baron de Coubertin, a French educator and historian, called for the restoration of the Olympic games, hoping that they would promote peace and also help achieve his decidedlyconservative political aims. De Coubertin considered the games a way to promote ideals of manliness. He argued that women’s sport was “the most unaesthetic sight human eyes could contemplate” and that the games should be reserved for men.
1892年，法国教育家和历史学家巴伦顾拜旦，呼吁恢复奥运会，希望他们能促进和平，也可以帮助实现他绝对保守的政治目标。顾拜旦认为奥运会是促进男子气概的一种理想方法。他认为女性运动是“人类看到事物中最缺乏美感的”，运动应该留给男人。
Conservative：adj. 保守的 n. 保守派，守旧者;Unaesthetic：adj. 无美感的;缺乏美感的;
The Olympics have always been intertwined with politics, as David Goldblatt shows in an elegant and ambitious new study. The International Olympic Committee (IOC) has neverwavered from its underlying conservatism. Taiwan preserved its place in the Olympics far longer than it did in the United Nations. Ludicrously, the IOC maintained the “hypocritical and ultimately forlorn” pretence of amateurism until 1988—even as Soviet athletes were amateursin name only. And from 1928 until 1968, there were no women’s races of more than 200 metres because it made them look too tired. It took until 1984 for women to make up one-fifth of competing athletes.
奥运会一直与政治交织在一起，正如David Goldblatt(大卫·戈德布拉特)在一个优雅的和雄心勃勃的新研究中表现出来。国际奥委会(IOC)从未动摇其潜在的保守主义。台湾在奥运会上保留的位置远远超过联合国。可笑的是，国际奥委会保持着“虚伪的、最终被遗弃的”业余主义，直到1988，甚至苏联运动员，名义上也是业余。从1928年到1968年,没有女性参加超过200米的比赛,因为这比赛使她们看起来太累了。直到1984年,女性占参赛运动员的五分之一。
Intertwine with：与…交织在一起;Waver：vi. 摇曳;踌躇;摆动 n. 动摇;踌躇;挥动者;Ludicrously：adv. 滑稽地;荒唐地;Amateur：n. 业余爱好者;非专业人员;
If the Olympics have been a force for wider good, this has often been in spite of the IOC rather than because of it. In Mexico City in 1968, Tommie Smith and John Carlos, two African-American athletes who had just won medals in the 200 metres, gave the Black Power salute. Avery Brundage, the American president of the IOC, ordered the delegation to expel the athletes. They did. South Africa had been excluded from the Olympics in 1964 because of itsapartheid policy, but in 1968 the IOC at first gave the nation the all-clear, before protests forced it to back down.
如果奥运会成为一种更为广泛的力量，那么(这种力量)尽管与国际奥委会密不可分，但觉不仅是取决于它。在1968年的墨西哥，Tommie Smith和 John Carlos这两名非洲裔美国的运动员赢得了200米竞赛的奖章，并向黑权主义致敬。Avery.Brundagr身为国际奥委会的美国总统，命令代表团将这两名运动员除名。他们照做了。1964年由于种族隔离政策，南非被奥运会排斥。然而在1968年国际奥委会在其抗议之前首次给予这个国家所有明细迫使他们退出(奥运会)。
expel： v.驱逐，赶走，将……除名;apartheid ：n.种族隔离;exclude ：v.排斥，排除，驱逐，赶出;
At every turn, the Olympics has allowed itself to be manipulated by governments, includingappalling regimes. Ahead of the 1936 games in Berlin, the chairman of the American Olympic Committee concluded that there was no case for a boycott as there was no discrimination in German sport. Nazi Germany, which had initially been reluctant to play host, soon realised the huge potential benefits: it is estimated that more was spent on the Berlin games than all the previous Olympics combined. Adolf Hitler and the Nazi entourage attended every day. More recently, the IOC has allowed governments to hide their problems from view during the games—after Atlanta submitted its bid for the 1996 games, homeless people were even locked up—and to trample over the rights of their citizens. Construction before the Beijing games in 2008 forced more than 1m people out of their homes.
每次奥运会都会由政府操控，其中包含了可怕的政权。在柏林即将举行的1963场比赛前，美国奥林匹克委员会主席总结说在德国的比赛没有没有任何联合排斥的情况，也没有任何的歧视。纳粹德国，最初不情愿成为东道主，(但却)实现了巨大的潜在利益：?花费在柏林竞赛的(金额)要超出历届奥运会的总和。Adolf Hitler与纳粹随行人员每天都参与其中。最近，国际奥委会已经允许在比赛期间，政府隐藏(该管辖区域)的问题——在亚特兰大申办1996场比赛之后，无家可归的人甚至被锁了起来——这践踏了公民的权益。在2008年北京奥运会施工前有超过100万的人被迫离开了自己的家园。
manipulate ：vt.操纵，操作，处理;appalling： adj.可怕的，骇人听闻的;discrination ：a.任何歧视;boycott： vt./n. 联合抵制，拒绝参加;
In crude financial terms, hosting is a disaster: the 2004 games in Athens cost the Greek government about $16 billion (about 5% of the government’s total debt) and the swimming complex remains unused. Mr Goldblatt reckons that, of the 17 Olympic tournaments held between the second world war and 2012, only the one in Los Angeles, in 1984, actually made a profit. Moreover, the idea that the games makes a host nation more athletic has no foundation. In Britain, fewer people do sport now than did before the Olympics in 2012. Little wonder, then, that a “Nolympics” movement has built up, made of protesters against hosting the games.
就原生的金融市场而言，主办奥运会简直就是一场灾难：2004年雅典奥运会花费了希腊政府约160亿美元(这大约是政府债务的5%)并且游泳馆至今没有投入使用。据Goldblatt先生评估，自二战结束到2012年间举办的17届奥运会中，只有1984年洛杉矶奥运会真正获得了利润。另外，举办奥运会能增强主办国的体育能力这样的想法简直是天方夜谭。在英国，参与体育运动的人数与2012年举办奥运会之前相比反而减少了。因此，由反对举办奥运会的人们组成了“反奥林匹克”运动也就不足为奇了。
Crude ：n.原油 adj.,天然的，原生的;
Another dark side of the sport can be seen in the way athletes, often at the behest of their national Olympic committees, have used performance-enhancing drugs. This kind of cheating began in the 1930s, if not earlier, though the IOC did not introduce drug testing until 1968. As the recent Russian doping scandal highlights, drug use remains all too prevalent. So far, this has not undermined the popularity of the games. In 1912 de Coubertin created a poetry contest and chose as the winner a poem he had written himself, which included the words, “O sport you are justice!” His view of the Olympics was never accurate; now the games seem more imperilled than ever.
虽然IOc在1968年才推出检测方法，但这种作弊大概从20世纪30年代或者有可能更早就开始了。正如最近的俄罗斯兴奋剂丑闻，药物使用的情况还是普遍存在的。不过迄今为止，药物使用还没有触及奥林匹克人群的根基。1912年顾拜旦创作了一组比赛诗并且选取了自己所作的一首冬季的诗，这首诗包含了以下文字，“你就是正义，奥林匹克运动!”他对于奥林匹克的态度从不是确切的;现在这项运动似乎处于历史上的生死攸关之际。dope： n.兴奋剂，笨蛋，内幕 vt.给…服兴奋剂/麻醉剂scandal ：n.丑闻，丑行prevalent ：adj.普遍的，普遍流行的undermine ：vt.逐渐削弱…，从…根基破坏，挖…墙角。
2021考研英语：长难句的翻译巩固解析
在公司里，有资历的老员工都属于senior，而新来的年轻员工资历尚浅，只能算是junior。
但是，最近的趋势是，不少公司都开始采用这样的策略，用junior级别的员工来取代senior员工。由此还出现了一个新的词汇juniorization。
The “juniorization” is a phenomenon commonly seen in many businesses these days, where older/senior workers are being swiftly replaced by younger ones, all in the name of saving money.
“年轻化”是近期在很多行业都普遍出现的一种现象，即以节省开支的名义用年轻员工取代有资历的老员工。
Recently, the focus on juniorization has increased as Wall Street banks began implementing it as a risky strategy to lower operating costs.
最近，随着华尔街的银行们也开始实行这一策略来降低运营成本，人们对“年轻化”这一现象的关注也开始增多。
The chief executive at the investment-banking unit of a large firm explained this in simple terms: Headcount had stayed pretty stable at his firm, he said, but the makeup of that headcount had changed.
某集团投行的首席执行官是这样解释这一现象的：他们公司的员工总数基本保持稳定，但是员工的构成情况有所变化。
His bank had decided that it had too many expensive managing directors in some parts of its sales and trading business.
他所在的银行认为，他们某些销售和交易部门的高薪总经理人数过多。
Give junior employees better technology, he said, and they offered just as much value as a managing director would have in days gone by.
他表示，为年轻员工提供更好的技术的话，他们创造的价值就会跟一位总经理过去创造的价值一样多。
In other words, you don't need to pay an older trader or salesperson $1 million a year for experience and market savvy when you can give a junior trader some technology and the same knowledge at the end of a keyboard and mouse.
换句话说，年轻交易员在有了技术和相同的交易知识后就能办到的事情，你就不必一年花一百万美元养一个资深的交易员或者销售员。
同时，也有人表示，随着各类技术进入工作领域，年纪略大的员工在使用新技术方面也显得有些吃力。为了提高工作效率，雇佣更多年轻员工也是明智的选择。
不过，有反对人士称，员工队伍重要的是多样化(diversity)，不光要讲性别、种族等方面的多样化，在年龄构成上也要多样化。年长的员工凭借丰富的经验指导年轻的员工，他们才会成长得更快。
2021考研英语：备考例举的翻译解析
Clockless worker，顾名思义，指的就是An employee who is willing to work at any time, day or night(不分白昼、愿意在任何时间工作的员工)。对他们来说，clock(钟表)已经没有什么意义了，他们的工作时间完全clockless(没有钟点概念)，一切以工作任务为重。
我们来看个例句：
Jane’s new boyfriend is a clockless worker, he is always delaying their date because of his work.
简的新男友是个“过劳模”，他经常因为工作而推迟他们的约会。
与这一类人正好相反的呢，是上班期间心不在焉、差不多每隔10分钟就要看一次时间的人。他们通常都是到点就下班，一分钟也不会耽误。这一类人在英文里叫clock-watcher。
Clock-watcher is an employee who demonstrates lack of interest in a job by watching the time closely to be sure to stop work as soon as the workday or shift is over.
Clock-watcher指对工作心不在焉，总是不停看时间的员工，下班点一到他们就会停下手里的工作。中文可以戏称为“看表族”。
来看个例句：
That new guy is a total clock-watcher. He checked his watch FIVE times in one hour and left his desk exactly at five o'clock.
那个新来的员工就是个看表族，他一个小时内看了五次表，一到五点立马走人了。
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