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2021考研英语：长难句的专项练习25
The overall result has been to make entrance to professional geological journals harder for amateurs, a result that has been reinforced by the widespread introduction of refereeing, first by national journals in the 19th century and then by several local geological journals in the 20th century.
一、词汇突破
reinforced 加强
introduction 引入和制定
refereeing 推荐制度
journal 期刊
二、主干识别
The overall result has been to make entrance harder.主谓宾宾补的结构;entrance to professional geological journals宾语, harder for amateurs 宾补.
三、其他成分
to professional geological journals定语修饰entrance;for amateurs状语;a result that has been reinforced by the widespread introduction of refereeing, first by national journals in the 19th century and then by several local geological journals in the 20th century作主语result的同位语。
四、微观解析
that has been reinforced by the widespread introduction of refereeing 定语从句修饰a result, by the widespread introduction of refereeing ，为状语by national journals in the 19th century and then by several local geological journals in the 20th century 为定语修饰introduction;
五、难点揭秘
同位语后面定语从句中状语by和后面定语by的区别。
六、译文赏析
这样一来总的结果便是业余爱好者想在专业地质学期刊上发表文章就更难了，而被广泛使用的论文评审推荐制度又进一步强化了这一结果，该种制度先被19世纪的国家级刊物引入，后又在20世纪，又被几家地方级地质学刊物所使用。
2021考研英语：长难句的专项练习26
At the same time, the American Law Institute--a group of judges, lawyers, and academics whose recommendations carry substantial weight—issued new guidelines for tort law stating that companies need not warn customers of obvious dangers or bombard them with a lengthy list of possible ones.
一、词汇突破
institute 机构
substantial 实际的
bombard不断攻击;向...连续提出问题
lengthy冗长
二、主干识别
the American Law Institute issued new guidelines
三、其他成分
a group of judges, lawyers, and academics whose recommendations carry substantial weight同位语;for tort law定语修饰new guidelines;stating that companies need not warn customers of obvious dangers or bombard them with a lengthy list of possible ones 定语修饰new guidelines。
四、微观解析
companies need not warn customers of obvious dangers or bombard them with a lengthy list of possible ones;动词为warn 和bombard并列; warn sb of sth ; bombard sb with sth.。
五、难点揭秘
同位语有一个隔离现象产生;stating+ that +句子其中出现两个并列的动词;
六、译文赏析
与此同时，美国法律协会，由一群法官、律师和学者组成的组织，他们的建议分量极重，发布了新的民事伤害法令指导方针，宣称公司不必提醒顾客注意显而易见的危险，也不必连篇累牍地一再提请他们注意一些可能会出现的危险。
2021考研英语：长难句的专项练习27
Such large, impersonal manipulation of capital and industry greatly increased the numbers and importance of shareholders as a class, an element in national life representing irresponsible wealth detached from the land and the duties of the landowners;and almost equally detached from the responsible management of business.
一、词汇突破
manipulation 操纵
detached 分离，如果表示态度则是表示中立，不关心的
二、主干识别
manipulation increased the numbers and importance of shareholders 主谓宾结构
三、其他成分
Such large, impersonal，of capital and industry定语修饰manipulation;as a class 定语修饰shareholder;an element in national life representing irresponsible wealth detached from the land and the duties of the landowners ;and almost equally detached from the responsible management of business整个是shareholder 的同位语。
四、微观解析
in national life，representing irresponsible wealth，detached from the land and the duties of the landowners，and almost equally detached from the responsible management of business都是定语修饰an element。
五、难点揭秘
同位语中的三个后置定语造成了阅读的障碍。
六、译文赏析
这样巨大而非个人的对资金和产业的操纵极大地增加了股东的数量和他们作为一个阶级的重要性，他们是国家生活中代表不负责任的财富的一个因素，这种财富不但远离了土地和土地拥有者的责任，而且几乎同样与公司的负责任的管理毫无关系。
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