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2021考研英语：阅读的雷区不能踩
1.考研考试中干扰措施不是凭空出现的，它们或多或少都会在文章中有所提及，如果仅以在文章是否提到来判断的话，一定会出错。
2.考研考试的一种命题模式是题干中限定答案的范围。如果忽略这种范围，此题必错。
下面就几道考研真题来具体说明题干中需要注意的信息：
What accounts for the great outburst of major inventions in early America—breakthroughs such as the telegraph, the steamboat and the weaving machine?
Among the many shaping factors, I would single out the country’s excellent elementary schools; a labor force that welcomed the new technology; the practice of giving premiums to inventors; and above all the American genius for nonverbal, “spatial” thinking about things technological.(1996)
1. According to the author, the great outburst of major inventions in early America was in a large part due to ________.
[A] elementary schools
[B] enthusiastic workers
[C] the attractive premium system
[D] a special way of thinking
The researchers studied the behaviour of female brown capuchin monkeys. They look cute. They are good-natured, cooperative creatures, and they share their food tardily. Above all, like their female human counterparts, they tend to pay much closer attention to the value of “goods and services” than males. (2005)
2. Female capuchin monkeys were chosen for the research most probably because they are ________.
[A] more inclined to weigh what they get
[B] attentive to researchers’ instructions
[C] nice in both appearance and temperament
[D] more generous than their male companions
这两道题共同的特点就是题干中都有一个表示程度的限定词。第一道题中的限定词是in large part,第二道题中的限定词是most。这两个词语的出现本身就有一个暗示，说明选项中应该有不止一个原因，但是这道题目要求回答出其中最重要的一个因素。原文定位第一道题，可以发现定位句“I would single out the country’s excellent elementary schools; a labor force that welcomed the new technology; the practice of giving premiums to inventors; and above all the American genius for nonverbal, “spatial” thinking about things technological”中含有四个并列成分，分别是“excellent elementary schools”; “a labor force”;“the practice of giving premiums to inventors”和“the American genius for nonverbal, “spatial” thinking about things technological”。上述四个内容在选项中都有出现，很多同学会因为先入为主的思维习惯选择A。但是当我们注意到题干中的限定信息是要求找其中影响最大的一个因素，我们就要比照四个因素哪个影响最大。原文中的第四点前出现了above all，这个短语表示“最重要的是”，所以此题应该选择D
类似的2005年的考题中也出现了同样的情况，题干中出现most，选项中出现了列举。“They look cute. They are good-natured, cooperative creatures, and they share their food tardily. Above all, like their female human counterparts, they tend to pay much closer attention to the value of ‘goods and services’ than males. ”这些列举也分别被设计成了干扰项。但是其中受到强调的是above all 后面的这个因素。“like their female human counterparts, they tend to pay much closer attention to the value of ‘goods and services’ than males”， 所以此题答案为D。
从上面的分析可以看出，阅读理解并不是简单的读懂文章就可以把题作对。还要能够审清题目，理解题目要求。一般来讲，题干中如果出现表示时间、范围、程度和先后次序的词语，考生都需谨慎对待，因为这些词语很有可能成为命题人精心设计的陷阱。
下面几个题干供广大考生回去练习。
请仔细观察题干，标示出其中限定性的词语。
1. According to the passage, one must write an account of himself before starting to find a job because .
2. The foremost reason why the BBC has to readjust itself is no other than ________.
3. In the eyes of visitors from the outside world, ________.
4. The passage shows that the author is ________ the present situation.
5. The census distinguished itself from previous studies on population movement in that ________.
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